Pakistan’s Nuclear Program Was Never Just a Weapons Grab Plus Pro
For close to three decades, the conventional account of Pakistan’s nuclear program has rested on a single premise: that Pakistan acquired the bomb through procurement,...
Quwa Team
Pakistan’s Real Problem Isn’t Money — It’s That It Stopped Bargaining
Every big question on the latest Defence Uncut — should Pakistan buy a stealth fighter? why can’t it afford more J-10s? — eventually collapses into...
Is Russia’s Air Defence Deal With the Taliban a Threat to Pakistan?
On May 27, 2026, Russia and the Taliban-led government in Afghanistan signed a military-technical cooperation agreement at a security forum outside Moscow, following talks between...
Agosta 70: Pakistan Navy’s Legacy Submarine Class
The Agosta 70 is a French-designed diesel-electric submarine operated by the Pakistan Navy since 1979. Two boats — PNS Hashmat and PNS Hurmat — originally...
Pakistan Navy’s Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Program
Pakistan is developing autonomous underwater vehicles for naval ISR, mine countermeasures, and littoral defence. The Israr AUV, NESCOM bureau programs, and foreign partnerships with STM...
Hangor-Class Submarine: Pakistan Navy’s S26 Program — Specifications, Status, and Armament
The Hangor-class is a Chinese-built AIP submarine derived from the S26 design. Eight are on order for the Pakistan Navy — the first was commissioned...
Khalid-Class (Agosta 90B) Submarine: Pakistan Navy’s Backbone Since 1999
The Khalid-class (Agosta 90B) is a French-designed submarine operated by the Pakistan Navy since 1999. Three boats in service — PNS Khalid, PNS Saad, and...
Pakistan Navy’s Shallow Water Attack Submarine (SWATS): The Road to an Original Design
The Pakistan Navy is pursuing a shallow water attack submarine (SWATS) to complement the blue-water Hangor fleet. STM's STM500 is the frontrunner. This page covers...
Analysis: How Pakistan Can Build a Stealth ‘Loyal Wingman’ Drone Plus Pro
A pragmatic alternative to a fifth-generation fighter is taking shape — and a 2021 Quwa analysis predicted much of it. A new Pulse Check episode...
India Finalizes Letter of Request for 114 Rafale Fighters
India has finalised the Letter of Request for 114 Dassault Rafale fighters — valued at ₹3.25 lakh crore (~$38B) — with dispatch to France expected...