News and analysis covering SAM. Explore the latest coverage, programmes, industry developments and research from Quwa.
Ukraine's Fire Point has reworked its FP-7 ballistic missile into the low-cost FP-7.x interceptor at the heart of Project Freya. The deeper lesson for Pakistan lies less in the missile than in the private-sector, foreign-financed model that produced it — and in the import-dependent air defence it could…
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Ukraine's Fire Point has reworked its FP-7 ballistic missile into the low-cost FP-7.x interceptor at the heart of Project Freya. The deeper lesson for Pakistan lies less in the missile…
The Anza is Pakistan's indigenous man-portable air defence system (MANPADS) family, produced by KRL and marketed by GIDS. Combat-proven during the 1999 Kargil conflict, the Anza series (Mk-I, Mk-II, Mk-III)…
The RBS 70 is a Swedish man-portable short-range air defence system manufactured by Saab Bofors Dynamics. The Pakistan Army operates the RBS 70 as its VSHORAD (Very Short Range Air…
The LoMADS (Low-to-Medium Altitude Air Defence System) is an indigenous medium-to-long-range surface-to-air missile system under development by Pakistan's GIDS/NESCOM. With a stated range of 7–100 km, Mach 5 missile speed,…
The FAAZ-SL (FAAZ Surface Launched), also designated E-SHORADS, is an indigenous short-range air defence system under development by Pakistan's GIDS/NESCOM. With a range of 20–25 km and active radar or…
The Spada 2000-Plus is an Italian ground-based air defence system manufactured by MBDA, firing the Aspide 2000 semi-active radar-homing missile. The Pakistan Air Force operates 10 Spada 2000-Plus batteries for…
The FM-90 (export HQ-7B) is a Chinese short-range air defence system reverse-engineered from the French Crotale. Pakistan operates the FM-90 as its primary Enhanced Short-Range Air Defence (ESHORAD) system, providing…
The LY-80 (export HQ-16) is a Chinese medium-range surface-to-air missile system forming the backbone of Pakistan's low-to-medium-range air defence layer. Operated by the Pakistan Army (LY-80, LY-80EV), Pakistan Navy (LY-80N),…
The HQ-9 is China's long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, operated by Pakistan as the HQ-9/P — the country's only strategic-tier air defence system. Combat-proven during the May 2025 India-Pakistan conflict,…
An overview of the Denel Dynamics Umkhonto surface-to-air missile system; its development, usage, and future applications.
More perspective on SAM and the developments connected to it.
Ukraine's Fire Point has reworked its FP-7 ballistic missile into the low-cost FP-7.x interceptor at the heart of Project Freya. The deeper lesson for Pakistan lies less in the missile…
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