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On 06 June 2025, the Government of Pakistan had announced that it received a major arms offer from China consisting of the J-35 stealth fighter, HQ-19 theatre air defence system, and the KJ-500 airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) system.  The announcement…

Following the recent Indo-Pak conflict, which saw established paradigms tested and new threats emerge, one capability, in particular, underscored a critical vulnerability for Pakistan: India's BrahMos supersonic cruise missile (SSCM). As we detailed in our previous episode, Pakistan’s air defence system did…

The recent conflict with India initially unfolded along the lines Pakistan expected: Following the Balakot incident and Operation Swift Retort in 2019, the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) had prepared for a large-scale Indian Air Force (IAF) strike at stand-off range. Equipped…