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The 2025 International Defence Exhibition and Fair (IDEF) in Istanbul saw the public debut for two distinct Turkish long-range, ramjet-powered air-to-air missile (LRAAM) programs: Roketsan’s Gökbora and TÜBİTAK SAGE’s Gökhan.
The decision to pursue two separate, resource-intensive development tracks for a similar capability reflects a sophisticated strategy designed to mitigate technological risk, drive a healthy level of competition, and create tailored solutions for the distinct requirements of Turkey’s current and future air fleets.
For the Pakistan Air Force (PAF), Turkey’s dual-channel approach could offer a unique window for collaboration, not to address a capability gap, but to acquire deep insight of a major class of threat – i.e., the Indian Air Force’s (IAF) MBDA Meteor – and diversify its inventory with a system built on a different kinematic profile than its mainstay LRAAMs, like the PL-15E, SD-10, and AIM-120C5 AMRAAM.
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