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On 15 August 2025, Wuchang Shipbuilding Industry Group Company Ltd launched the Pakistan Navy’s (PN) third Hangor-class air-independent propulsion (AIP)-equipped submarine (SSP) from the Shuangliu Base in Wuhan, China.
The launch ceremony of the submarine, designated PNS/M Mangro, was presided by numerous Chinese and Pakistani officials, among them the PN’s Deputy Chief of Naval Projects, Vice Admiral Abdul Samad and other high-ranking officers.
This is the second Hangor-class SSP launch in 2025, following the launch of PNS/M Shushuk in March, while the lead boat, PNS/M Hangor, was launched in April 2024. Thus far, all of the boats constructed in China have been built at Wuhan.
The Hangor-class is a variant of CSOC’s S26, the export version of the Yuan-class submarine used by the People’s Army Liberation Navy (PLAN).
Like its PLAN counterpart, the S26 was offered with a Sterling AIP system. In general, AIP systems allow conventional submarines to operate underwater without surfacing for oxygen (snorkeling) for extended periods of time, possibly weeks at a time. The PN’s three Agosta 90B submarines utilize the French MESMA AIP system to achieve similar capabilities.
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