The Pakistan Navy (PN) commissioned its final batch of Tughril-class (Type 054A/P) multi-mission frigates, i.e., the PNS Tippu Sultan and the PNS Shahjahan.
The commissioning ceremony was held at China Shipbuilding Trading Co. Ltd’s (CSTC) Shanghai shipyard on May 10, with the PN Chief of Naval Staff (CNS), Admiral Muhammad Amjad Khan Niazi, present as the chief guest of the event alongside other Pakistani and Chinese officials.
By delivering the final pair of Type 054A/P frigates, CSTC has fulfilled the PN’s current frigate order for four ships. Pakistan signed the contract for the frigates in 2017 and 2018 in two orders, each for two ships. This is Pakistan’s third big-ticket naval order from China, following the Hangor submarine and F-22P frigate. The PN is also the sole export user of the Type 054A, which is the workhorse frigate of the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), which operates dozens of this design.
The Tughril-class frigate has a displacement of around 4,000 tons and a length of 134.1 m. It is the largest surface combatant (alongside the PNS Alamgir) in service with the PN. It is also the PN’s most advanced surface combatant in terms of anti-air warfare (AAW), and anti-ship warfare (AShW) capabilities.
Its AAW configuration consists of a 32-cell vertical launch system (VLS), which contains the LY-80N surface-to-air missile (SAM). The LY-80N has a range of 40 km and is guided by a semi-active radar-homing (SARH) system. It relies on a pair of target-illuminator radars onboard the ship.
However, arguably, the Tughril-class frigate’s AShW capabilities carry the greatest breakthrough in terms of the PN’s capabilities. Each ship is armed with Chinese CM-302 supersonic anti-ship cruise missiles (ASCM) in a dual, two-cell configuration. It is unclear if the PN could increase the payload to a two-by-four or two-by-three configuration, but nonetheless, it is a confirmed supersonic missile capability.
This induction is important for the PN because it effectively confers the fleet with a capability that emulates the Indian Navy’s (IN) BrahMos supersonic ASCM. It is relatively difficult to effectively neutralize supersonic cruising missiles because they drastically reduce the response time available for detecting and intercepting them, and even if they are intercepted, the target ship could still suffer from high-speed debris.
The LY-80N may not be the optimal solution for stopping the BrahMos; thus, the next best step the PN can realistically take is have its own equivalent to the BrahMos. Currently, that equivalent is the CM-302. The standard export configuration of the CM-302 has a range of 280 km and 250 kg warhead.
There had been indications of the PN developing a supersonic-cruising missile. It would be worth seeing if there is a relationship between that in-house project and the CM-302. Currently, it appears that the PN is aiming to make supersonic ASCMs a mainstay munition in its inventory. Producing one at home, be it under a license production deal or via an original design, would make sense.
The PN commissioned the lead ship – PNS Tughril – in November 2021, while the second ship – PNS Taimur – joined the fleet in August 2022. Though the current order is complete, the current PN CNS indicated that the PN is open to potentially acquiring additional Type 054A/P frigates.
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