Pakistan’s security and political leadership appear to have reoriented their counterinsurgency (COIN) approach in Baluchistan around a central economic imperative.
In the past, COIN efforts were guided primarily by security concerns, particularly those tied to regional stability along the Afghan border as part of broader objectives shared with the United States.
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The Pakistani leadership – from Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif to Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Asim Munir – have all publicly advocated for policies aimed at integrating key mining opportunities and infrastructure development, and they have reframed anti-state militancy in Baluchistan as a direct threat to the country’s economic survival.
The motivation behind this approach becomes clearer when considering how Pakistan managed its security interests in the past.
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