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Pakistan Air Force CAS Outlines Next Procurement Steps Plus

On 17 May 2019, Damen Shipyards launched the first of two 2,300-ton offshore patrol vessels (OPV) or corvettes for the Pakistan Navy (PN). Damen is constructing both PN ships at its facilities in Galati, Romania. The PN ordered the ships in June 2017.

In an interview with IHS Jane’s Defence Weekly, the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) Chief of Air Staff (CAS), Air Chief Marshal (ACM) Mujahid Anwar Khan, laid-out the PAF’s upcoming procurement plans.[1] These center on the procurement of additional JF-17 Thunder multi-role fighters alongside a new lead-in-fighter trainer (LIFT) as well as defining the PAF’s fifth-generation fighter aircraft (FGFA) program.[2]

First, the PAF is in the process of concluding the JF-17 Block-II program, with the last three aircraft (out of an order of 62) slated for June 2019. Second, for the forthcoming JF-17 Block-III, the PAF will choose one of two active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars: the KLJ-7A by the Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology (NRIET) or the LKF601E by Leihua Electronic Technology Research Institute (LETRI).

The PAF is aiming to induct the AESA radar-equipped JF-17 by March 2020.

Originally, the PAF opted to procure 150 JF-17s split across three equally sized tranches (i.e., Block-I, Block-II, and Block-III). However, to keep Pakistan Aeronautical Complex’s (PAC) production line warm, the PAF added 12 Block-IIs to its order. Now as per the CAS’ most recent statements, the PAF will also add 26 twin-seat JF-17Bs to its fleet[3], thus bringing the JF-17 roadmap to 188 fighters.

Having first flown in April 2017, the JF-17B was not only intended as the twin-seat training variant of the JF-17, but it was also the basis of the JF-17 Block-III. It introduced a new three-axis fly-by-wire (FBW) flight control system (replacing the hybrid FBW of prior variants) and purportedly longer wingspan.

However, the primary goal of the JF-17B was to meet the needs of certain overseas users, while the PAF was satisfied with using simulators. It now appears that the PAF has pivoted to backing the JF-17B as well. It is likely that the PAF will configure these aircraft along identical lines to the JF-17 Block-III. Thus, the PAF will induct 76 new AESA radar-equipped JF-17s, and it may add more in lieu of an interim off-the-shelf jet.

It is unclear why the PAF is procuring the JF-17B. The CAS stated that the objective was to train new pilots “without first putting them through the F-16, Mirage or F-7P/PG as they are now.”[4] On first glance, one might take it as a sign that the PAF will use the JF-17B for LIFT or as a Fighter Conversion Unit (FCU). However, in the same interview, the CAS listed the LIFT as a separate requirement.[5]

Instead, it appears that the JF-17B will serve as an Operational Conversion Unit (OCU), i.e., to convert new or rookie pilots to the JF-17. In other words, the PAF is now looking to make the JF-17 the first aircraft for all of its future upcoming pilots. This – alongside a new LIFT — may be a sign of the PAF retiring its F-7P/PG fighters, which serve in the FCU/LIFT role and as the primary go-to fighters for the PAF’s rookie pilots.

Potentially, the PAF could also use the JF-17B in the strike role. The tandem-seat configuration lets the JF-17B deploy the electro-optical (EO)-guided H-2 and H-4-series of stand-off weapons (SOW). Basically, one of the JF-17B’s air crew could manually guide the SOW to its target. Likewise for laser-guided bombs and missiles with the support of an advanced targeting pod, such as the Aselsan ASELPOD. By assigning more conventional SOW capabilities to the JF-17, the PAF can preserve the Mirage III/5 for strategic operations.

However, with the CAS also neglecting to mention off-the-shelf fighters, it seems that the PAF will depend on advanced model JF-17s to drive its fighter requirements. In this respect, it must focus on equipping the JF-17 with more capable air-to-air and air-to-surface munitions. It must also, as noted in an earlier Quwa Premium article, consider procuring additional special mission aircraft to complement the JF-17s.

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