The current air defence work was mostly informed by the assumptions decision-makers held following the 2019 skirmish. However, the dynamics of the 2025 conflict will change these assumptions across two key areas: (1) high-volume, low-flying slow threats and a (2) potential risk…
Given its experience both employing and dealing with loitering munitions (LM) in its May 2025 conflict with India, Pakistan’s LM requirements will likely see a sharp near-term increase.