In 2023, the UK and France announced that they would supply Ukraine with the MBDA SCALP air-launched cruise missile (ALCM).
Analysts believed the transfer of the SCALP was a bid on London and Paris’ parts to give Kyiv long-range, precision-strike capabilities, especially as it initiated its counteroffensive. Both British and French-supplied SCALPs were in Ukraine by July 2023.
Since inducting the SCALP, Ukraine has used the cruise missile at various points in the conflict, with a particular focus on bridges (as a means to interfere with the logistics links feeding Russia’s frontlines in Ukraine).
Like the M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS), the SCALP has become one of many offensive and defensive weapon systems (such as surface-to-air missiles, cluster warheads, and loitering munitions) that have been integral to Ukraine’s war effort.
The common element across these systems is that they are precision-guided stand-off range munitions, giving Ukraine the ability to accurately strike at long distances. Ukraine also uses the ADM-160B Miniature Air-Launched Decoy (MALD), which is essentially a smaller cruise missile, but one capable of carrying an electronic warfare (EW) payload for radar jamming missions.
Analysts believe that Ukraine is using the MALD in coordinated strikes with the SCALP. The MALD would attract the attention of Russian air defence radars and, potentially, help mitigate their impact through jamming. In turn, this lessens the risk of these air defence systems intercepting the SCALP ALCMs.
In this arsenal, the SCALP gives Ukraine the capacity to deliver a heavyweight munition at long-range by air. With the SCALP, Ukraine can quickly mobilize long-range strikes using its aircraft.
For example, if its intelligence efforts identify a high-value target, Kyiv can deploy a long-range strike element via SCALP-equipped aircraft sooner than with HIMARS- based munitions (unless the HIMARS were already stationed in proximity to that target).
Therefore, the SCALP complements Ukraine’s land-based strike capabilities, and enables Kyiv to build a mix that allows it to operate with versatility. This could be another lesson for other countries, such as Pakistan, which (like Ukraine) must face a larger and much more well-equipped adversary.
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